GeoTechEco Journal

Israel and Iran are dramatically escalating hostilities. On June 13–14, 2025, following a series of Israeli airstrikes on Iranian military and nuclear infrastructure, Iranian state media claimed to have shot down two Israeli fighter jets—and captured one pilot. The developments mark a remarkable turning point in the region’s increasingly dangerous polarity toward direct aerial engagements.  A Rapid Escalation in Hostilities On June 13, Israel launched “Operation Rising Lion,” targeting at least 100 military and nuclear sites deep within Iran, including Natanz enrichment facilities and Revolutionary Guard bases  . Iran responded with retaliatory missile barrages towards Israel, triggering air-raid sirens in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. Iran claimed multiple Israeli aircraft were downed amid these exchanges  . Iran’s Bold Claim: Two Jets Down, Pilot Captured State media in Tehran asserted that Iran’s air-defense systems successfully brought down two Israeli jets...

Introduction In mid‑June 2025, Israel launched Operation Rising Lion, an air-and-sabotage campaign targeting Iran’s nuclear sites, military infrastructure, and high-ranking commanders. With over 200 aircraft and covert Mossad operations deep inside Iran, this marks one of the most aggressive Israeli actions since the Iran‑Iraq War  . As the dust settles, the region faces critical questions: How will Iran respond? What are the implications for global oil markets, diplomacy, and wider Middle Eastern stability? 1. What Happened in the Strike? Covert groundwork: Months of covert Mossad activity involved planting missiles and drones, enabling precision strikes from within Iranian territory  . Major targets: The attack reportedly destroyed radars, surface-to-air missile systems, missile launchers, and key nuclear facilities—including Iran’s Natanz enrichment site  . High-value casualties: Senior commanders slain include IRGC chief Hossein Salami, Chief of Armed For...